Let's begin with an illustration of nuclear (undelying vowel) lightening. When
lightening affects the stressed "e" in penalize, the underlying heavy // e// is changed
to its light correlate--/e/ or /3/.
penalize
de'light -- de'licious--de+lic+ious
con'trite -- con'trition--con+tri+tion
de'fine -- de'finitive--de+fi+ni+tive
'mode -- 'modular (look at the lightening of o) mo+du+lar
para'site -- para'sitic -- para+sit+ic
beast -- bestial
feast -- festival
coal -- colliery
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