3 types
(1) at major constituent boundaries (principally between subject--theme-- and predicate--rheme; and between clauses)
(2) before words of high lexical content; this sort of pause occurs before a minor constituent boundary, generally within a noun phrase, verb phrase, or adverbial phrase, e.g., between a determiner and following head noun;
(3) after the first word in an intonational group. This is a typical position for other 'errors of performance'. e.g., corrections of false starts and repetitions.
(2) and (3): hesitation phenomena.
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